django+uwsgi+nginx部署centos7

centos7搭建django环境

安装python3.7

安装编译 Python3的相关包

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make libffi-devel

这里面有一个包很关键libffi-devel，因为只有3.7才会用到这个包，如果不安装这个包的话，在 make 阶段会出现如下的报错：

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘_ctypes’

下载 python3.7的源码包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tgz

#解压缩
tar -zxvf Python-3.7.0.tgz
#进入解压后的目录，依次执行下面命令进行手动编译
添加配置,第一个参数指定安装目录,第二个加上后，安装ssl，不然以后pip3装东西会出错
./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3 –with-ssl
make && make install
如果最后没提示出错，就代表正确安装了，在/usr/local/目录下就会有python3目录
3. 添加软链接
#添加python3的软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3.7
#添加 pip3 的软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3.7
#测试是否安装成功了
python -V
4. 更改yum配置，因为其要用到python2才能执行，否则会导致yum不能正常使用（不管安装 python3的那个版本，都必须要做的）
vi /usr/bin/yum
把 #! /usr/bin/python 修改为 #! /usr/bin/python2
vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
把 #! /usr/bin/python 修改为 #! /usr/bin/python2

创建python3虚拟环境

python3 -m venv [环境名]
进入虚拟环境
cd **/bin
source activate

把项目上传到服务器

scp -r storm_oa_system root@192.168.1.10:/home/projects

安装依赖

####### 如何自动生成和安装requirements.txt依赖

生成requirements.txt文件

pip freeze > requirements.txt
安装requirements.txt依赖

pip install -r requirements.txt

####安装和配置uwsgi

安装

pip3 install uwsgi
2. 配置
把参数写到配置文件里

[uwsgi]
 socket = 127.0.0.1:8002
 #http = :8002
 home=/home/projects/virtual/env_oa
 # the base directory (full path)
 chdir           = /home/projects/storm_oa/storm_oa_system
 # Django s wsgi file
 module          = storm_oa_system.wsgi
 # process-related settings
 # master
 master          = true
 # clear environment on exit
 vacuum          = true
 # maximum number of worker processes
 processes       = 4
 harakiri        = 1200
 uwsgi_read_timeout      = 600
 limit-as        = 600
 daemonize       = /home/projects/storm_oa/conf/uwsgi_logs/access.log

注意：与nginx通信时，必须选用socket = 127.0.0.1:8002
3. 运行uwsgi

uwsgi /home/projects/storm_oa/conf/uwsgi.ini -d /home/projects/storm_oa/conf/uwsgi.log
4. 关闭uwsgi
pkill -9 uwsgi

####安装和配置nginx

安装

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.15.8
./configure –user=nobody –group=nobody –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
(注: –with-http_ssl_module:这个不加后面在nginx.conf配置ssl:on后,启动会报nginx: [emerg] unknown directive “ssl” in /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 异常)

配置

events{}

http{
      include      /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;
      log_format  main  '[$remote_addr] - [$remote_user] [$time_local] "$request" '
                    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
      access_log /home/projects/logs/nginx_run.log main;
      sendfile        on;

      upstream django {
              # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
              server 127.0.0.1:8002; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
      }

      server{
              charset utf-8;
              listen 80;
              server_name 192.168.1.10;
              client_max_body_size 75M;

              access_log /home/projects/logs/nginx_access.log;
              error_log /home/projects/logs/nginx_error.log;

              location /media/ {
                      alias /home/projects/storm_oa_system/media/;
              }
              location /static/ {
                      gzip_static on;
                      expires max;
                      add_header Cache-Control public;
                      alias /home/projects/storm_oa_system/static_cdn/;
              }

              # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
              location / {
                      uwsgi_pass  django;
                      include     /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
                      #uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8002;
                      uwsgi_read_timeout 1500;
                      uwsgi_send_timeout 300;
                      client_body_timeout 1500;
                      proxy_read_timeout 300;
                      proxy_http_version 1.1;
                      proxy_set_header Connection "";
              }
      }
}

运行

nginx -c /home/projects/config/nginx.conf

uwsgi和nginx的开机自启动

nginx的开机自启动

在系统服务目录里创建nginx.service文件

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

写入内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/bin/nginx -c /home/projects/config/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/bin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/bin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Unit]:服务的说明
Description:描述服务
After:描述服务类别
[Service]服务运行参数的设置
Type=forking是后台运行的形式
ExecStart为服务的具体运行命令
ExecReload为重启命令
ExecStop为停止命令
PrivateTmp=True表示给服务分配独立的临时空间
注意：[Service]的启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径
[Install]运行级别下服务安装的相关设置，可设置为多用户，即系统运行级别为3

设置开机自启动

systemctl enable nginx.service
查看nginx状态

systemctl status nginx.service
杀死nginx重启nginx

pkill -9 nginx
ps aux | grep nginx
systemctl start nginx

uwsgi的开机自启动
与nginx同理
- 启动方式
  
  systemctl enable uwsgi.service 开机自启
  systemctl start uwsgi.service 启动
  systemctl restart uwsgi.service 重新启动

uwsgi启动失败

django是在虚拟环境下构建的所以自启动的时候要加上虚拟环境

ExecStart=/home/projects/virtual/env_oa/bin/uwsgi /home/projects/config/uwsgi.ini -d /home/projects/logs/uwsgi_access.log –home=/home/projects/virtual/env_oa